Latex
基本组成
速查表:
命令
用途
示例
documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article} \texttt{\\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]\{article\}} documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}
指定文档类型和选项
documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article} \texttt{\\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]\{article\}} documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}
title{ … } \texttt{\\title\{…\}} title{ … }
设置文档标题
title{My Title} \texttt{\\title\{My Title\}} title{My Title}
author{ … } \texttt{\\author\{…\}} author{ … }
设置作者信息
author{Name} \texttt{\\author\{Name\}} author{Name}
date{ … } \texttt{\\date\{…\}} date{ … }
设置日期
date{Today} \texttt{\\date\{Today\}} date{Today}
usepackage{ … } \texttt{\\usepackage\{…\}} usepackage{ … }
引入宏包
usepackage{graphicx} \texttt{\\usepackage\{graphicx\}} usepackage{graphicx}
begin{document} \texttt{\\begin\{document\}} begin{document}
开始文档
begin{document} \texttt{\\begin\{document\}} begin{document}
maketitle \texttt{\\maketitle} maketitle
生成标题页
maketitle \texttt{\\maketitle} maketitle
end{document} \texttt{\\end\{document\}} end{document}
结束文档
end{document} \texttt{\\end\{document\}} end{document}
textbf{ … } \texttt{\\textbf\{…\}} textbf{ … }
加粗文本
textbf{bold} \texttt{\\textbf\{bold\}} textbf{bold}
textit{ … } \texttt{\\textit\{…\}} textit{ … }
斜体文本
textit{italic} \texttt{\\textit\{italic\}} textit{italic}
underline{ … } \texttt{\\underline\{…\}} underline{ … }
添加下划线
underline{underline} \texttt{\\underline\{underline\}} underline{underline}
emph{ … } \texttt{\\emph\{…\}} emph{ … }
强调(通常斜体)
emph{important} \texttt{\\emph\{important\}} emph{important}
begin{itemize} item … end{itemize} \texttt{\\begin\{itemize\}\\item …\\end\{itemize\}} begin{itemize} item … end{itemize}
无序列表
begin{itemize} item Apple end{itemize} \texttt{\\begin\{itemize\}\\item Apple\\end\{itemize\}} begin{itemize} item Apple end{itemize}
begin{enumerate} item … end{enumerate} \texttt{\\begin\{enumerate\}\\item …\\end\{enumerate\}} begin{enumerate} item … end{enumerate}
有序列表
begin{enumerate} item One end{enumerate} \texttt{\\begin\{enumerate\}\\item One\\end\{enumerate\}} begin{enumerate} item One end{enumerate}
$ … $ \texttt{\$…\$} $ … $
行内数学公式
$E = mc 2 $ \texttt{\$E = mc}^2\texttt\$ $E = mc 2 $
\texttt{\\[ … \\]}
块级数学公式
begin{equation} … end{equation} \texttt{\\begin\{equation\} …\\end\{equation\}} begin{equation} … end{equation}
带编号的公式块
part{ … } \texttt{\\part\{…\}} part{ … }
分部(book/report 文档结构)
part{Part Title} \texttt{\\part\{Part Title\}} part{Part Title}
chapter{ … } \texttt{\\chapter\{…\}} chapter{ … }
章节(仅 book/report 类)
chapter{Chapter 1} \texttt{\\chapter\{Chapter 1\}} chapter{Chapter 1}
section{ … } \texttt{\\section\{…\}} section{ … }
一级标题
section{Intro} \texttt{\\section\{Intro\}} section{Intro}
section*{ … } \texttt{\\section*\{…\}} section*{ … }
无编号一级标题
section*{Intro} \texttt{\\section*\{Intro\}} section*{Intro}
subsection{ … } \texttt{\\subsection\{…\}} subsection{ … }
二级标题
subsection{Details} \texttt{\\subsection\{Details\}} subsection{Details}
subsection*{ … } \texttt{\\subsection*\{…\}} subsection*{ … }
无编号二级标题
subsection*{Details} \texttt{\\subsection*\{Details\}} subsection*{Details}
subsubsection{ … } \texttt{\\subsubsection\{…\}} subsubsection{ … }
三级标题
subsubsection{More} \texttt{\\subsubsection\{More\}} subsubsection{More}
paragraph{ … } \texttt{\\paragraph\{…\}} paragraph{ … }
段落标题
paragraph{Note} \texttt{\\paragraph\{Note\}} paragraph{Note}
subparagraph{ … } \texttt{\\subparagraph\{…\}} subparagraph{ … }
子段落标题
subparagraph{Detail} \texttt{\\subparagraph\{Detail\}} subparagraph{Detail}
tableofcontents \texttt{\\tableofcontents} tableofcontents
自动生成目录
tableofcontents \texttt{\\tableofcontents} tableofcontents
高阶用法
排版
功能
命令
段落居中
begin{center} ... end{center} \texttt{\\begin\{center\} ... \\end\{center\}} begin{center} ... end{center}
插入空行
par \texttt{\\par} par
段落对齐(默认两端对齐)
begin{flushleft} ... end{flushleft} \texttt{\\begin\{flushleft\} ... \\end\{flushleft\}} begin{flushleft} ... end{flushleft} begin{flushright} ... end{flushright} \texttt{\\begin\{flushright\} ... \\end\{flushright\}} begin{flushright} ... end{flushright}
组内对齐
begingroup raggedright ... endgroup \texttt{\\begingroup \\raggedright ... \\endgroup} begingroup raggedright ... endgroup begingroup raggedleft ... endgroup \texttt{\\begingroup \\raggedleft ... \\endgroup} begingroup raggedleft ... endgroup begingroup centering ... endgroup \texttt{\\begingroup \\centering ... \\endgroup} begingroup centering ... endgroup
段落缩进
setlength{ parindent}{20pt} \texttt{\\setlength\{\\parindent\}\{20pt\}} setlength{ parindent}{20pt} indent ... \texttt{\\indent ...} indent ... noindent ... \texttt{\\noindent ...} noindent ...
数学
导入数学包
建议使用如下方式导入更多数学公式的支持:
usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm} \texttt{\\usepackage\{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm\}} usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm}
对齐公式:
begin{align*} \texttt{\\begin\{align*\}} begin{align*} 并结合 & \texttt{\&} & 来指定对齐
自定义算子
\usepackage { amsmath }
\DeclareMathOperator { \arctg } { arctg}
\begin { document }
User-defined operator for arctangent:
\[
\arctg \frac {\pi }{3} = \sqrt {3}
.\]
间距控制
\begin { align* }
f(x) &= x^2\! +3x\! +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2+3x+2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\, +3x\, +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\: +3x\: +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\; +3x\; +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\ +3x\ +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\quad +3x\quad +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\qquad +3x\qquad +2
\end { align* }
\begin{align*}
f(x) &= x^2\! +3x\! +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2+3x+2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\, +3x\, +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\: +3x\: +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\; +3x\; +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\ +3x\ +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\quad +3x\quad +2 \\
f(x) &= x^2\qquad +3x\qquad +2
\end{align*}
运算符之间本身也有间距,如下:
\thinmuskip
(默认情况下它等于 3 mu)
\medmuskip
(默认等于 4 mu)
\thickmuskip
(默认等于 5 mu)
显示样式
\textstyle
:应用段落中数学公式的排版样式
\displaystyle
:应用单独成行数学公式的排版样式
\scriptstyle
:应用下标或上标的排版样式
\scriptscriptstyle
:应用用于二阶下标或上标的样式
数学字体
\mathcal { RQSZ}
\mathfrak { RQSZ}
\mathbb { RQSZ}
\mathnormal { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\mathrm { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\mathit { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\mathbf { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\mathsf { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\mathtt { 3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
R Q S Z R Q S Z R Q S Z 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q \begin{aligned}
\mathcal{RQSZ} \\
\mathfrak{RQSZ} \\
\mathbb{RQSZ} \\
\mathnormal{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathrm{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathit{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathbf{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathsf{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathtt{3x^2 \in R \subset Q}
\end{aligned}
R Q S Z R Q S Z R Q S Z 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q 3 x 2 ∈ R ⊂ Q
其他数学公式请去查表
图片
LaTeX \LaTeX L A T E X 无法自行管理图像,因此我们需要使用 graphicx
包。要使用它,我们需要在导言部分包含以下行:
usepackage{graphicx} \texttt{\\usepackage\{graphicx\}} usepackage{graphicx}
然后设置图片路径 (可选):
graphicspath{ {./images/} } \texttt{\\graphicspath\{ \{./images/\} \}} graphicspath{ {./images/} }
大小
includegraphics[scale=1.5]{overleaf-logo} \texttt{\\includegraphics[scale=1.5]\{overleaf-logo\}} includegraphics[scale=1.5]{overleaf-logo}
includegraphics[width=5cm, height=4cm]{overleaf-logo} \texttt{\\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=4cm]\{overleaf-logo\}} includegraphics[width=5cm, height=4cm]{overleaf-logo}
includegraphics[0.8 textwidth]{overleaf-logo} \texttt{\\includegraphics[0.8\\textwidth]\{overleaf-logo\}} includegraphics[0.8 textwidth]{overleaf-logo} :根据文本宽度,也可以是 linewidth \texttt{\\linewidth} linewidth
includegraphics[scale=1.2, angle=45]{overleaf-logo} \texttt{\\includegraphics[scale=1.2, angle=45]\{overleaf-logo\}} includegraphics[scale=1.2, angle=45]{overleaf-logo} :带上旋转
\begin { figure } [ t]
\includegraphics [ width=8cm] { Plot}
\centering
\end { figure }
参数
位置
h
将浮动元素放置于此 ,即 大约 在源文本中出现的相同位置(但不是 正好 在该位置)
t
位于页面的 顶部 。
b
定位在页面的 底部 。
p
将浮动元素放置在专门的页面 上。
!
覆盖 LaTeX 用于确定"良好"浮动位置的内部参数。
H
将浮动元素精确放置在 LaTeX 代码中的指定位置 。需要使用 float
包,但偶尔可能会引发问题。这某种程度上等同于 h! 。
环绕图片
需要导入包:
usepackage{wrapfig} \texttt{\\usepackage\{wrapfig\}} usepackage{wrapfig}
基本用法:
\begin{wrapfigure}[lineheight]{position}{width}
...
\end{wrapfigure}
位置
参数有八个可能的值:
r
R
文本右侧
l
L
文本左侧
i
I
内边缘—靠近装订(在_双面_文档中)
o
O
外缘——远离装订
大写版本允许图形浮动。小写版本表示就这里。
实例:
\begin { wrapfigure } { r} { 0.25\textwidth }
\centering
\includegraphics [ width=0.25\textwidth ] { mesh}
\end { wrapfigure }
There are several ways to plot a function of two variables,
depending on the information you are interested in. For
instance, if you want to see the mesh of a function so it
easier to see the derivative you can use a plot like the
one on the left.
\begin { wrapfigure } { l} { 0.25\textwidth }
\centering
\includegraphics [ width=0.25\textwidth ] { contour}
\end { wrapfigure }
On the other side, if you are only interested on
certain values you can use the contour plot, you
can use the contour plot, you can use the contour
plot, you can use the contour plot, you can use
the contour plot, you can use the contour plot,
you can use the contour plot, like the one on the left.
配图说明、标注和引用
caption{Example of a parametric plot ($ sin (x), cos(x), x $)} \texttt{\\caption\{Example of a parametric plot (\$ \\sin (x), \\cos(x), x \$)\}} caption{Example of a parametric plot ($ sin (x), cos(x), x $)}
若需要把 caption 放在侧面或者其他位置,请引入:
usepackage[rightcaption]{sidecap} \texttt{\\usepackage[rightcaption]\{sidecap\}} usepackage[rightcaption]{sidecap}
同时也有 leftcaption,outercaption,innercaption \texttt{leftcaption,outercaption,innercaption} leftcaption,outercaption,innercaption
举例:
\begin { SCfigure } [ 0.5] [ h]
\caption { Using again the picture of the universe.
This caption will be on the right}
\includegraphics [ width=0.6\textwidth ] { universe}
\end { SCfigure }
别忘了每个图都最好定义一个标签:label{fig:xxx} \texttt{\\label\{fig:xxx\}} label{fig:xxx}
然后引用时直接:ref{fig:xxxx} \texttt{\\ref\{fig:xxxx\}} ref{fig:xxxx} 和 pageref{fig:xxxx} \texttt{\\pageref\{fig:xxxx\}} pageref{fig:xxxx}
如果想要和目录一样有个图片索引,还可以直接使用:
listoffigures \texttt{\\listoffigures} listoffigures
高分辨率与低分辨率
因为 LaTeX \LaTeX L A T E X 不需要图片后缀,所以当存在同名文件时请用如下方式决定优先级,开发环境使用低分辨率的 .png \texttt{.png} .png ,生产环境使用高分辨率的 .pdf \texttt{.pdf} .pdf
开发环境: DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.png,.pdf} \texttt{\\DeclareGraphicsExtensions\{.png,.pdf\}} DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.png,.pdf}
生产环境: DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.png} \texttt{\\DeclareGraphicsExtensions\{.pdf,.png\}} DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.png}
图片对齐
要更改对齐方式,请导入:usepackage[export]{adjustbox} \texttt{\\usepackage[export]\{adjustbox\}} usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
然后在使用时就可以对齐了:includegraphics[width=0.5 textwidth, right]{overleaf-logo} \texttt{\\includegraphics[width=0.5\\textwidth, right]\{overleaf-logo\}} includegraphics[width=0.5 textwidth, right]{overleaf-logo}
多图格式
可以在一个图中插入多张图片,每张图片都有自己的引用和标签。
usepackage{subcaption} \texttt{\\usepackage\{subcaption\}} usepackage{subcaption}
\begin { figure } [ h]
\begin { subfigure } { 0.5\textwidth }
\includegraphics [ width=0.9\linewidth , height=6cm] { overleaf-logo}
\caption { Caption1}
\label { fig:subim1 }
\end { subfigure }
\begin { subfigure } { 0.5\textwidth }
\includegraphics [ width=0.9\linewidth , height=6cm] { mesh}
\caption { Caption 2}
\label { fig:subim2 }
\end { subfigure }
\caption { Caption for this figure with two images}
\label { fig:image2 }
\end { figure }
文本环绕图形
usepackage{wrapfig} \texttt{\\usepackage\{wrapfig\}} usepackage{wrapfig}
\begin { wrapfigure } { l} { 0.25\textwidth }
\includegraphics [ width=0.9\linewidth ] { overleaf-logo}
\caption { Caption1}
\label { fig:wrapfig }
\end { wrapfigure }
在 LaTex 中直接绘图
略
TiKZ 宏包
略
表格
tabular
环境是 LaTeX 创建表格的默认方法:
\begin { center }
\begin { tabular } { |c|c|c| }
\hline
cell1 & cell2 & cell3 \\
cell4 & cell5 & cell6 \\
cell7 & cell8 & cell9 \\
\hline
\end { tabular }
\end { center }
{ |c|c|c| }
:在表格中使用三个由垂直线分隔的列,每个 c
表示列内容将居中。您也可以使用 r
将文本右对齐,以及 l
用于左对齐。
\begin { center }
\begin { tabular } { ||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [ 0.5ex]
\hline \hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
\hline
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
\hline
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
\hline
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
\hline
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [ 1ex]
\hline
\end { tabular }
\end { center }
固定宽度的表格
先引入:usepackage{array} \texttt{\\usepackage\{array\}} usepackage{array}
然后在写标题头部时引入:
begin{tabular}{ m{5em} m{1cm} m{1cm} } \texttt{\\begin\{tabular\}\{ m\{5em\} m\{1cm\} m\{1cm\} \}} begin{tabular}{ m{5em} m{1cm} m{1cm} }
对齐选项有 m
表示居中,p
表示顶部对齐,b
表示底部对齐。使用这些参数时,文本会自动格式化以适应每个单元格。
控制表格宽度
如果您不需要控制每个单元格的宽度,而是需要控制整个表格的宽度,并均匀分配内部空间,请使用 tabularx
包。请参阅下例:
\usepackage { tabularx }
\begin { document }
\begin { tabularx } { 0.8\textwidth } {
| >{ \raggedright \arraybackslash } X
| >{ \centering \arraybackslash } X
| >{ \raggedleft \arraybackslash } X | }
\hline
item 11 & item 12 & item 13 \\
\hline
item 21 & item 22 & item 23 \\
\hline
\end { tabularx }
环境 tabularx
与 tabular
类似,但更加灵活。要使用它,需在文档前置部分添加行 \usepackage{tabularx}
合并行和列
使用 multicolumn \texttt{\\multicolumn} multicolumn 即可:
multicolumn{4}{c}{Country List} \texttt{\\multicolumn\{4\}\{c\}\{Country List\}} multicolumn{4}{c}{Country List}
如果合并行,usepackage{multirow} \texttt{\\usepackage\{multirow\}} usepackage{multirow}
使用方法举例:
\multirow { 3} { 4em} { Multiple row} & cell2 & cell3 \\
& cell5 & cell6 \\
& cell8 & cell9 \\
多页表格
适用跨页的场景:
usepackage{longtable} \texttt{\\usepackage\{longtable\}} usepackage{longtable}
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage { longtable }
\begin { document }
\begin { longtable } [ c] { | c | c |}
\caption { Long table caption.\label { long } } \\
\hline
\multicolumn { 2} { | c |} { Begin of Table} \\
\hline
Something & something else\\
\hline
\endfirsthead
\hline
\multicolumn { 2} { |c|} { Continuation of Table \ref { long } } \\
\hline
Something & something else\\
\hline
\endhead
\hline
\endfoot
\hline
\multicolumn { 2} { | c |} { End of Table} \\
\hline \hline
\endlastfoot
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
Lots of lines & like this\\
...
Lots of lines & like this\\
\end { longtable }
\endfirsthead
此命令以上的内容将出现在表格的开头,在第一页。
\endhead
在此命令之前、\endfirsthead
以下的内容将在除第一页外的每一页的表格顶部显示。
\endfoot
与 \endhead
类似,在 \endhead
之后和此命令之前输入的内容,将在除最后一页外的每一页表格底部显示。
\endlastfoot
与 \endfirsthead
类似。在 \endfoot
之后和此命令之前的内容将仅在表格出现的最后一页显示在表格底部。
定位表格
将表格置于 begin{table} ... end{table} \texttt{\\begin\{table\} ... \\end\{table\}} begin{table} ... end{table} 中,即可和图片一样使用 [h!][t][b] \texttt{[h!][t][b]} [h!][t][b] 等进行定位放置。
同样,和图片一样支持:listoftables \texttt{\\listoftables} listoftables
表格外观
全局表格样式需要在 begin{document} \texttt{\\begin\{document\}} begin{document} 之前:
setlength{ arrayrulewidth}{0.5mm} \texttt{\\setlength\{\\arrayrulewidth\}\{0.5mm\}} setlength{ arrayrulewidth}{0.5mm} :设置了表格边框的厚度
setlength{ tabcolsep}{18pt} \texttt{\\setlength\{\\tabcolsep\}\{18pt\}} setlength{ tabcolsep}{18pt} :将文本与其包含单元格的左右边距之间的空间设置为 18pt
renewcommand{ arraystretch}{1.5} \texttt{\\renewcommand\{\\arraystretch\}\{1.5\}} renewcommand{ arraystretch}{1.5} :每行的高度设置为相对于其默认高度的1.5倍。
斑马着色方式
需要引入另外的包:
usepackage[table]{xcolor} \texttt{\\usepackage[table]\{xcolor\}} usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\rowcolors { 3} { green!80!yellow!50} { green!70!yellow!40}
\begin { tabular } { |p{ 3cm} |p{ 3cm} |p{ 3cm} | }
三个参数分别为:从第几行开始上色,奇数行颜色,偶数行颜色。
自定义着色方式
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage [ table] { xcolor }
\setlength { \arrayrulewidth } { 1mm}
\setlength { \tabcolsep } { 18pt}
\renewcommand { \arraystretch } { 2.5}
\newcolumntype { s} { >{ \columncolor [ HTML] { AAACED} } p{ 3cm} }
\arrayrulecolor [ HTML] { DB5800}
\begin { document }
\begin { tabular } { |s|p{ 3cm} |p{ 3cm} | }
\hline
\rowcolor { lightgray} \multicolumn { 3} { |c|} { Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code & ISO ALPHA 3 \\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF & AFG \\
\rowcolor { gray}
Aland Islands & AX & ALA \\
Albania & AL & ALB \\
Algeria & DZ & DZA \\
American Samoa & AS & ASM \\
Andorra & AD & \cellcolor [ HTML] { AA0044} AND \\
Angola & AO & AGO \\
\hline
\end { tabular }
\end { document }
文本环绕表格
如果你的表格没有占用所有可用空间,并且你想在它旁边或前面放置文本,可以使用 wrapfig
包。
首先,导入该包 usepackage{wrapfig} \texttt{\\usepackage\{wrapfig\}} usepackage{wrapfig}
然后你可以使用环境 wraptable
,该环境接受两个参数:第一个是对齐方式,可以是 l
、r
、c
、i
或 o
,分别代表左对齐、右对齐、居中对齐、内对齐和外对齐。第二个是表格容器的宽度,需要注意的是,这个参数必须与表格的宽度相同,否则对齐可能不会正确。
Praesent in sapien. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Duis fringilla tristique neque. Sed interdum
libero ut metus. Pellentesque placerat. Nam rutrum augue a leo.
Morbi sed elit sit amet ante lobortis sollicitudin.
\begin { wraptable } { r} { 8cm}
\arrayrulecolor [ HTML] { DB5800}
\centering
\begin { tabular } { |s|p{ 2cm} | }
\hline
\rowcolor { lightgray} \multicolumn { 2} { |c|} { Country List} \\
\hline
Country Name or Area Name& ISO ALPHA 2 Code \\
\hline
Afghanistan & AF \\
\rowcolor { gray}
Aland Islands & AX \\
Albania & AL \\
Algeria & DZ \\
American Samoa & AS \\
Andorra & \cellcolor [ HTML] { AA0044} AD \\
Angola & AO \\
\hline
\end { tabular }
\caption { Table inside a wraptable}
\label { table:ta2 }
\end { wraptable }
Praesent in sapien. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Duis fringilla tristique neque. Sed interdum
libero ut metus. Pellentesque placerat. Nam rutrum augue a leo.
Morbi sed elit sit amet ante lobortis sollicitudin...
图表列表
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage { graphicx }
\usepackage { array }
\graphicspath { { figures/} }
\renewcommand { \listfigurename } { List of plots}
\renewcommand { \listtablename } { Tables}
\begin { document }
\thispagestyle { empty}
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\clearpage
\pagenumbering { arabic}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Etiam lobortisfacilisis...
\end { document }
参考文献和引文
使用 BibTeX 进行参考文献管理
参考文献:仅仅是 \bibitems
的列表。
\begin { thebibliography } { 9}
\bibitem { texbook}
Donald E. Knuth (1986) \emph { The \TeX { } Book} , Addison-Wesley Professional.
\bibitem { lamport94}
Leslie Lamport (1994) \emph { \LaTeX : a document preparation system} , Addison
Wesley, Massachusetts, 2nd ed.
\end { thebibliography }
引用时使用 cite{} \texttt{\\cite\{\}} cite{} 即可
不过不建议使用上面的方法,也不是论文里的典范
应该使用 .bib \texttt{.bib} .bib 文件,如去网站查找后得到:
@inproceedings{ lesk:1977,
title={ Computer Typesetting of Technical Journals on { UNIX} } ,
author={ Michael Lesk and Brian Kernighan} ,
booktitle={ Proceedings of American Federation of
Information Processing Societies: 1977
National Computer Conference} ,
pages={ 879--888} ,
year={ 1977} ,
address={ Dallas, Texas}
}
引用时使用:cite{lesk:1977} \texttt{\\cite\{lesk:1977\}} cite{lesk:1977} 就行。
使用 natbib 进行参考文献管理
请引入:usepackage{natbib} \texttt{\\usepackage\{natbib\}} usepackage{natbib}
同样,引用时使用 cite{} \texttt{\\cite\{\}} cite{}
示例:
\usepackage { natbib }
\bibliographystyle { unsrtnat}
\title { Bibliography management: \texttt { natbib} package}
\author { Overleaf}
\date { April 2021}
\begin { document }
\maketitle
This document is an example of \texttt { natbib} package using in bibliography
management. Three items are cited: \textit { The \LaTeX \ Companion} book
\cite { latexcompanion } , the Einstein journal paper \cite { einstein } , and the
Donald Knuth's website \cite { knuthwebsite } . The \LaTeX \ related items are
\cite { latexcompanion,knuthwebsite } .
\medskip
\bibliography { sample}
\end { document }
bibtex 支持的参考文献样式
使用:bibliographystyle{stylename} \texttt{\\bibliographystyle\{stylename\}} bibliographystyle{stylename} 进行设置。
样式名称
输出
abbrv
acm
alpha
apalike
ieeetr
plain
siam
unsrt
natbib 支持的参考文献样式
使用:bibliographystyle{stylename} \texttt{\\bibliographystyle\{stylename\}} bibliographystyle{stylename} 进行设置。
stylename
输出
dinat
plainnat
abbrvnat
unsrtnat
rusnat
ksfh_nat
natbib 引用格式
使用 \setcitestyle{authoryear,open={((},close={))}}
来设置引用风格,例如 ((Smith, 2020))
命令
描述
\citet{}
文本引用
\citep{}
括号引用
\citet*{}
与 \citet
相同,但如果有多位作者,所有姓名都会被打印
\citep*{}
与 \citep
相同,但如果有多位作者,则打印所有姓名
\citeauthor{}
仅打印作者姓名
\citeyear{}
仅打印出版年份。
语言
使用 documentclass{ctexart} \texttt{\\documentclass\{ctexart\}} documentclass{ctexart} 结合 XeTex \texttt{XeTex} XeTex 即可实现多语言。
setCJKmainfont{BabelStone Han} \texttt{\\setCJKmainfont\{BabelStone Han\}} setCJKmainfont{BabelStone Han} :使用系统字体
setCJKsansfont{} \texttt{\\setCJKsansfont\{\}} setCJKsansfont{} :使用无衬线字体
setCJKmonofont{} \texttt{\\setCJKmonofont\{\}} setCJKmonofont{} :使用特定字体
文档结构
LaTeX 可以组织、编号和索引文档的章节和节。根据文档类,定义节的最大深度可达 7 级:
-1
\part{part}
0
\chapter{chapter}
一般用于书籍和报告
1
\section{section}
2
\subsection{subsection}
3
\subsubsection{subsubsection}
4
\paragraph{paragraph}
5
\subparagraph{subparagraph}
在目录中加入无编号章节
addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Title of the section} \texttt{\\addcontentsline\{toc\}\{section\}\{Title of the section\}} addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Title of the section}
自定义章节样式
usepackage{titlesec} \texttt{\\usepackage\{titlesec\}} usepackage{titlesec}
\titleformat
{ \chapter }
[ display]
{ \bfseries \Large \itshape }
{ Story No. \ \thechapter }
{ 0.5ex}
{
\rule { \textwidth } { 1pt}
\vspace { 1ex}
\centering
}
[
\vspace { -0.5ex}
\rule { \textwidth } { 0.3pt}
]
\titleformat { \section } [ wrap]
{ \normalfont \bfseries }
{ \thesection .} { 0.5em} { }
存在两个通用命令:
\titleformat{<command>}[<shape>]{<format>}{<label>}{<sep>}{<before-code>}[<after-code>]
其中 [<shape>]
和 [<after-code>]
是可选参数,且:
<command>
是要重新定义的分节命令:\part
、\chapter
、\section
、\subsection
、\subsubsection
、\paragraph
或 \subparagraph
。
<shape>
是分节段落形状;可能的值有:hang
、block
、display
、runin
、leftmargin
、rightmargin
、drop
、wrap
和 frame
。
<format>
是应用于标题、标签和文本的格式;例如 \normalfont\Large\bfseries
<label>
指定分节标签。
<sep>
是标签与标题主体之间的水平间距,它必须是一个长度且不能为空。
<before-code>
是标题主体之前的代码。
<after-code>
是标题主体之后的代码。
目录
使用 tableofcontents \texttt{\\tableofcontents} tableofcontents 即可。
章节引用
section{Introduction} label{introduction} \texttt{\\section\{Introduction\} \\label\{introduction\}} section{Introduction} label{introduction} :定义是加入 label 然后使用时 ref{} \texttt{\\ref\{\}} ref{} 就行。
索引
usepackage{imakeidx} \texttt{\\usepackage\{imakeidx\}} usepackage{imakeidx}
然后要生效是要使用:makeindex \texttt{\\makeindex} makeindex
要向索引中添加条目,使用命令 index{} \texttt{\\index\{\}} index{}
printindex \texttt{\\printindex} printindex :最后实际渲染
索引美化:
\makeindex [ columns=3, title=Alphabetical Index]
\makeindex [ columns=3, title=Alphabetical Index,
options= -s example_style.ist]
headings_flag 1
heading_prefix "\n \\ centering\\ large\\ sffamily\\ bfseries
\\ noindent\\ textbf{ "heading_suffix "} \\ par\\ nopagebreak\n "
item_0 "\n \\ item \\ small "
delim_0 " \\ hfill "
delim_1 " \\ hfill "
delim_2 " \\ hfill "
效果:
makeindex[columns=3, title=Alphabetical Index, intoc] \texttt{\\makeindex[columns=3, title=Alphabetical Index, intoc]} makeindex[columns=3, title=Alphabetical Index, intoc] :在目录中包含索引。
\makeindex 命令的参数
title
在特定索引的开头需要排版标题。例如,在格式化索引 中展示了示例。
intoc
如果选择此选项,索引标题将被放置在目录 中。
columns
使用语法 key=value ,其中值必须是一个表示列数的整数。默认值为 2。
columnsep
指定表示列之间间隔的单位。语法必须为 key=value ,例如 columnsep=2em 。
columnseprule
如果传递了选项,将在列之间渲染一条垂直标尺。
词汇表
usepackage{glossaries} \texttt{\\usepackage\{glossaries\}} usepackage{glossaries}
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage [ utf8] { inputenc }
\usepackage { glossaries }
\makeglossaries
\newglossaryentry { latex}
{
name=latex,
description={ Is a markup language specially suited
for scientific documents}
}
\newglossaryentry { maths}
{
name=mathematics,
description={ Mathematics is what mathematicians do}
}
\title { How to create a glossary}
\author { }
\date { }
\begin { document }
\maketitle
The \Gls { latex} typesetting markup language is specially suitable
for documents that include \gls { maths} .
\clearpage
\printglossaries
\end { document }
如果想使用缩略语:usepackage[acronym]{glossaries} \texttt{\\usepackage[acronym]\{glossaries\}} usepackage[acronym]{glossaries}
\documentclass { article }
\usepackage [ utf8] { inputenc }
\usepackage [ acronym] { glossaries }
\makeglossaries
\newglossaryentry { latex}
{
name=latex,
description={ Is a mark up language specially suited for
scientific documents}
}
\newglossaryentry { maths}
{
name=mathematics,
description={ Mathematics is what mathematicians do}
}
\newglossaryentry { formula}
{
name=formula,
description={ A mathematical expression}
}
\newacronym { gcd} { GCD} { Greatest Common Divisor}
\newacronym { lcm} { LCM} { Least Common Multiple}
\begin { document }
The \Gls { latex} typesetting markup language is specially suitable
for documents that include \gls { maths} . \Glspl { formula} are
rendered properly an easily once one gets used to the commands.
Given a set of numbers, there are elementary methods to compute
its \acrlong { gcd} , which is abbreviated \acrshort { gcd} . This
process is similar to that used for the \acrfull { lcm} .
\clearpage
\printglossary [ type=\acronymtype ]
\printglossary
\end { document }
\gls{ }
要打印术语的小写形式。例如,\gls{maths}
在使用时打印 mathematics 。
\Gls{ }
与 \gls 相同,但首字母将打印为大写。示例:\Gls{maths}
打印 Mathematics
\glspl{ }
与 \gls 相同,但该术语以复数形式出现。例如,\glspl{formula}
将在您的最终文档中写入 formulas 。
\Glspl{ }
与 \Gls 相同,但该术语以复数形式出现。例如,\Glspl{formula}
渲染为 Formulas 。
术语表
略
文件工程
include{} \texttt{\\include\{\}} include{} :引入分页
input{} \texttt{\\input\{\}} input{} :引入不分页
使用 .sty \texttt{.sty} .sty 文件把头文件格式放在单独文件里:ProvidesPackage{example} \texttt{\\ProvidesPackage\{example\}} ProvidesPackage{example}
然后记得在主文件引入:usepackage{example} \texttt{\\usepackage\{example\}} usepackage{example}
import{}{} \texttt{\\import\{\}\{\}} import{}{} :使用方法和之前的类似,第一个参数是路径,第二个参数是文件,记得 usepackage{import} \texttt{\\usepackage\{import\}} usepackage{import}
超链接
usepackage{hyperref} \texttt{\\usepackage\{hyperref\}} usepackage{hyperref}
在导入 hyperref
时必须小心:通常,它必须是最后导入的包——但这条规则可能存在一些例外。
\hypersetup {
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=blue,
filecolor=magenta,
urlcolor=cyan,
pdftitle={ Overleaf Example} ,
pdfpagemode=FullScreen,
}
使用时使用 href{} \texttt{\\href\{\}} href{}
如果想使用自定义链接,可以使用
It's also possible to link directly any word
or \hyperlink { thesentence} { any sentence} in you document.
If you read this text, you will get no information. Really?
Is there no information?
For instance \hypertarget { thesentence} { this sentence} .
其中第一个值是 label,第二个是具体内容
格式化
字体
textsl \texttt{\\textsl} textsl :使用看起来像斜体的字体
Command
Output
\tiny
\scriptsize
\footnotesize
\small
\normalsize
\large
\Large
\LARGE
\huge
\Huge
默认字体族
字体 = 字族
命令
切换命令
输出
衬线体(罗马体)
\textrm{Sample Text 0123}
\rmfamily
无衬线字体
\textsf{Sample Text 0123}
\sffamily
打字机字体(等宽字体)
\texttt{Sample Text 0123}
\ttfamily
字体样式
样式
命令
切换命令
输出
中等
\textmd{Sample Text 0123}
\mdseries
粗体
\textbf{Sample Text 0123}
\bfseries
直立
\textup{Sample Text 0123}
\upshape
斜体
\textit{Sample Text 0123}
\itshape
倾斜
\textsl{Sample Text 0123}
\slshape
小写字母
\textsc{Sample Text 0123}
\scshape
更改默认文档字体
usepackage{tgbonum} \texttt{\\usepackage\{tgbonum\}} usepackage{tgbonum}
命令 \fontfamily{qcr}\selectfont
将设置 TeX gyre 光标字体类型,其字体代码为 qcr
,用于括号内的文本。还有更多 LATEX 字体类型可供使用。
衬线字体、无衬线字体和打字机字体
字体
“字体包名称”
“字体代码”
示例
Computer Modern Roman
cmr
Latin Modern Roman
lmodern
lmr
Latin Modern Dunhill
lmodern
lmdh
TeX Gyre Termes
tgtermes
qtm
TeX Gyre Pagella
tgpagella
qpl
TeX Gyre Bonum
tgbonum
qbk
TeX Gyre Schola
tgschola
qcs
Times
mathptmx
ptm
Utopia / Fourier
utopia
/ fourier
put
Palatino
palatino
ppl
Bookman
bookman
pbk
Charter
charter
bch
Computer Modern Sans Serif
cmss
Latin Modern Sans Serif
lmodern
lmss
TeX Gyre Adventor
tgadventor
qag
TeX Gyre Heros
tgheros
qhv
Helvetica
helvet
phv
Computer Modern Typewriter
cmtt
Latin Modern Sans Typewriter
lmodern
lmtt
TEX Gyre Cursor
tgcursor
qcr
Courier
courier
pcr
演示文稿
略
命令
特定领域
自定义
附录-数学公式案例与表格
∑ i = 1 ∞ 1 n s = ∏ p 1 1 − p − s \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^s}
= \prod_p \frac{1}{1 - p^{-s}}
i = 1 ∑ ∞ n s 1 = p ∏ 1 − p − s 1
对齐公式:
\begin{align*}
x&=y & w &=z & a&=b+c\\
2x&=-y & 3w&=\frac{1}{2}z & a&=b\\
-4 + 5x&=2+y & w+2&=-1+w & ab&=cb
\end{align*}
Math Mode
hat{a} \texttt{\\hat\{a\}} hat{a}
a ^ \hat{a} a ^
check{a} \texttt{\\check\{a\}} check{a}
a ˇ \check{a} a ˇ
tilde{a} \texttt{\\tilde\{a\}} tilde{a}
a ~ \tilde{a} a ~
acute{a} \texttt{\\acute\{a\}} acute{a}
a ˊ \acute{a} a ˊ
grave{a} \texttt{\\grave\{a\}} grave{a}
a ˋ \grave{a} a ˋ
dot{a} \texttt{\\dot\{a\}} dot{a}
a ˙ \dot{a} a ˙
ddot{a} \texttt{\\ddot\{a\}} ddot{a}
a ¨ \ddot{a} a ¨
breve{a} \texttt{\\breve\{a\}} breve{a}
a ˘ \breve{a} a ˘
bar{a} \texttt{\\bar\{a\}} bar{a}
a ˉ \bar{a} a ˉ
vec{a} \texttt{\\vec\{a\}} vec{a}
a ⃗ \vec{a} a
widehat{A} \texttt{\\widehat\{A\}} widehat{A}
A ^ \widehat{A} A
widetilde{A} \texttt{\\widetilde\{A\}} widetilde{A}
A ~ \widetilde{A} A
希腊字符
alpha \texttt{\\alpha} alpha
α \alpha α
theta \texttt{\\theta} theta
θ \theta θ
o \texttt{o} o
o o o
beta \texttt{\\beta} beta
β \beta β
vartheta \texttt{\\vartheta} vartheta
ϑ \vartheta ϑ
pi \texttt{\\pi} pi
π \pi π
gamma \texttt{\\gamma} gamma
γ \gamma γ
iota \texttt{\\iota} iota
ι \iota ι
varpi \texttt{\\varpi} varpi
ϖ \varpi ϖ
delta \texttt{\\delta} delta
δ \delta δ
kappa \texttt{\\kappa} kappa
κ \kappa κ
rho \texttt{\\rho} rho
ρ \rho ρ
epsilon \texttt{\\epsilon} epsilon
ϵ \epsilon ϵ
lambda \texttt{\\lambda} lambda
λ \lambda λ
varrho \texttt{\\varrho} varrho
ϱ \varrho ϱ
varepsilon \texttt{\\varepsilon} varepsilon
ε \varepsilon ε
mu \texttt{\\mu} mu
μ \mu μ
sigma \texttt{\\sigma} sigma
σ \sigma σ
zeta \texttt{\\zeta} zeta
ζ \zeta ζ
nu \texttt{\\nu} nu
ν \nu ν
varsigma \texttt{\\varsigma} varsigma
ς \varsigma ς
eta \texttt{\\eta} eta
η \eta η
xi \texttt{\\xi} xi
ξ \xi ξ
tau \texttt{\\tau} tau
τ \tau τ
upsilon \texttt{\\upsilon} upsilon
υ \upsilon υ
phi \texttt{\\phi} phi
ϕ \phi ϕ
varphi \texttt{\\varphi} varphi
φ \varphi φ
chi \texttt{\\chi} chi
χ \chi χ
psi \texttt{\\psi} psi
ψ \psi ψ
omega \texttt{\\omega} omega
ω \omega ω
Gamma \texttt{\\Gamma} Gamma
Γ \Gamma Γ
Lambda \texttt{\\Lambda} Lambda
Λ \Lambda Λ
Sigma \texttt{\\Sigma} Sigma
Σ \Sigma Σ
Psi \texttt{\\Psi} Psi
Ψ \Psi Ψ
Delta \texttt{\\Delta} Delta
Δ \Delta Δ
Xi \texttt{\\Xi} Xi
Ξ \Xi Ξ
Upsilon \texttt{\\Upsilon} Upsilon
Υ \Upsilon Υ
Omega \texttt{\\Omega} Omega
Ω \Omega Ω
Theta \texttt{\\Theta} Theta
Θ \Theta Θ
Pi \texttt{\\Pi} Pi
Π \Pi Π
Phi \texttt{\\Phi} Phi
Φ \Phi Φ
二元关系
< \texttt{<} <
< < <
> \texttt{>} >
> > >
= \texttt{=} =
= = =
leq \texttt{\\leq} leq
≤ \leq ≤
geq \texttt{\\geq} geq
≥ \geq ≥
equiv \texttt{\\equiv} equiv
≡ \equiv ≡
ll \texttt{\\ll} ll
≪ \ll ≪
gg \texttt{\\gg} gg
≫ \gg ≫
doteq \texttt{\\doteq} doteq
≐ \doteq ≐
prec \texttt{\\prec} prec
≺ \prec ≺
succ \texttt{\\succ} succ
≻ \succ ≻
sim \texttt{\\sim} sim
∼ \sim ∼
preceq \texttt{\\preceq} preceq
⪯ \preceq ⪯
succeq \texttt{\\succeq} succeq
⪰ \succeq ⪰
simeq \texttt{\\simeq} simeq
≃ \simeq ≃
subset \texttt{\\subset} subset
⊂ \subset ⊂
supset \texttt{\\supset} supset
⊃ \supset ⊃
approx \texttt{\\approx} approx
≈ \approx ≈
subseteq \texttt{\\subseteq} subseteq
⊆ \subseteq ⊆
supseteq \texttt{\\supseteq} supseteq
⊇ \supseteq ⊇
cong \texttt{\\cong} cong
≅ \cong ≅
sqsubset \texttt{\\sqsubset} sqsubset
⊏ \sqsubset ⊏
sqsupset \texttt{\\sqsupset} sqsupset
⊐ \sqsupset ⊐
Join \texttt{\\Join} Join
⋈ \Join ⋈
sqsubseteq \texttt{\\sqsubseteq} sqsubseteq
⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑
sqsupseteq \texttt{\\sqsupseteq} sqsupseteq
⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒
bowtie \texttt{\\bowtie} bowtie
⋈ \bowtie ⋈
in \texttt{\\in} in
∈ \in ∈
ni \texttt{\\ni} ni or owns \texttt{\\owns} owns
∋ \ni ∋
propto \texttt{\\propto} propto
∝ \propto ∝
vdash \texttt{\\vdash} vdash
⊢ \vdash ⊢
dashv \texttt{\\dashv} dashv
⊣ \dashv ⊣
models \texttt{\\models} models
⊨ \models ⊨
mid \texttt{\\mid} mid
∣ \mid ∣
parallel \texttt{\\parallel} parallel
∥ \parallel ∥
perp \texttt{\\perp} perp
⊥ \perp ⊥
smile \texttt{\\smile} smile
⌣ \smile ⌣
frown \texttt{\\frown} frown
⌢ \frown ⌢
asymp \texttt{\\asymp} asymp
≍ \asymp ≍
: \texttt{:} :
: : :
notin \texttt{\\notin} notin
∉ \notin ∈ /
neq \texttt{\\neq} neq or ne \texttt{\\ne} ne
≠ \neq =
二元操作符
命令
渲染
命令
渲染
命令
渲染
+ \texttt{+} +
+ + +
- \texttt{-} -
− - −
triangleleft \texttt{\\triangleleft} triangleleft
◃ \triangleleft ◃
pm \texttt{\\pm} pm
± \pm ±
mp \texttt{\\mp} mp
∓ \mp ∓
triangleright \texttt{\\triangleright} triangleright
▹ \triangleright ▹
cdot \texttt{\\cdot} cdot
⋅ \cdot ⋅
div \texttt{\\div} div
÷ \div ÷
star \texttt{\\star} star
⋆ \star ⋆
times \texttt{\\times} times
× \times ×
setminus \texttt{\\setminus} setminus
∖ \setminus ∖
ast \texttt{\\ast} ast
∗ \ast ∗
cup \texttt{\\cup} cup
∪ \cup ∪
cap \texttt{\\cap} cap
∩ \cap ∩
circ \texttt{\\circ} circ
∘ \circ ∘
sqcup \texttt{\\sqcup} sqcup
⊔ \sqcup ⊔
sqcap \texttt{\\sqcap} sqcap
⊓ \sqcap ⊓
bullet \texttt{\\bullet} bullet
∙ \bullet ∙
vee \texttt{\\vee} vee or lor \texttt{\\lor} lor
∨ \vee ∨
wedge \texttt{\\wedge} wedge or land \texttt{\\land} land
∧ \wedge ∧
diamond \texttt{\\diamond} diamond
⋄ \diamond ⋄
oplus \texttt{\\oplus} oplus
⊕ \oplus ⊕
ominus \texttt{\\ominus} ominus
⊖ \ominus ⊖
uplus \texttt{\\uplus} uplus
⊎ \uplus ⊎
odot \texttt{\\odot} odot
⊙ \odot ⊙
oslash \texttt{\\oslash} oslash
⊘ \oslash ⊘
amalg \texttt{\\amalg} amalg
⨿ \amalg ⨿
otimes \texttt{\\otimes} otimes
⊗ \otimes ⊗
bigcirc \texttt{\\bigcirc} bigcirc
◯ \bigcirc ◯
dagger \texttt{\\dagger} dagger
† \dagger †
bigtriangleup \texttt{\\bigtriangleup} bigtriangleup
△ \bigtriangleup △
bigtriangledown \texttt{\\bigtriangledown} bigtriangledown
▽ \bigtriangledown ▽
ddagger \texttt{\\ddagger} ddagger
‡ \ddagger ‡
lhd \texttt{\\lhd} lhd
⊲ \lhd ⊲
rhd \texttt{\\rhd} rhd
⊳ \rhd ⊳
wr \texttt{\\wr} wr
≀ \wr ≀
unlhd \texttt{\\unlhd} unlhd
⊴ \unlhd ⊴
unrhd \texttt{\\unrhd} unrhd
⊵ \unrhd ⊵
大操作符
sum \texttt{\\sum} sum
∑ \sum ∑
bigcup \texttt{\\bigcup} bigcup
⋃ \bigcup ⋃
bigvee \texttt{\\bigvee} bigvee
⋁ \bigvee ⋁
prod \texttt{\\prod} prod
∏ \prod ∏
bigcap \texttt{\\bigcap} bigcap
⋂ \bigcap ⋂
bigwedge \texttt{\\bigwedge} bigwedge
⋀ \bigwedge ⋀
coprod \texttt{\\coprod} coprod
∐ \coprod ∐
bigsqcup \texttt{\\bigsqcup} bigsqcup
⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆
bigoplus \texttt{\\bigoplus} bigoplus
⨁ \bigoplus ⨁
int \texttt{\\int} int
∫ \int ∫
oint \texttt{\\oint} oint
∮ \oint ∮
bigotimes \texttt{\\bigotimes} bigotimes
⨂ \bigotimes ⨂
bigodot \texttt{\\bigodot} bigodot
⨀ \bigodot ⨀
biguplus \texttt{\\biguplus} biguplus
⨄ \biguplus ⨄
箭头
leftarrow \texttt{\\leftarrow} leftarrow or gets \texttt{\\gets} gets
← \leftarrow ←
longleftarrow \texttt{\\longleftarrow} longleftarrow
⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵
uparrow \texttt{\\uparrow} uparrow
↑ \uparrow ↑
rightarrow \texttt{\\rightarrow} rightarrow or to \texttt{\\to} to
→ \rightarrow →
longrightarrow \texttt{\\longrightarrow} longrightarrow
⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶
downarrow \texttt{\\downarrow} downarrow
↓ \downarrow ↓
leftrightarrow \texttt{\\leftrightarrow} leftrightarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow ↔
longleftrightarrow \texttt{\\longleftrightarrow} longleftrightarrow
⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷
updownarrow \texttt{\\updownarrow} updownarrow
↕ \updownarrow ↕
Leftarrow \texttt{\\Leftarrow} Leftarrow
⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐
Longleftarrow \texttt{\\Longleftarrow} Longleftarrow
⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸
Uparrow \texttt{\\Uparrow} Uparrow
⇑ \Uparrow ⇑
Rightarrow \texttt{\\Rightarrow} Rightarrow
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒
Longrightarrow \texttt{\\Longrightarrow} Longrightarrow
⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹
Downarrow \texttt{\\Downarrow} Downarrow
⇓ \Downarrow ⇓
Leftrightarrow \texttt{\\Leftrightarrow} Leftrightarrow
⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔
Longleftrightarrow \texttt{\\Longleftrightarrow} Longleftrightarrow
⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺
Updownarrow \texttt{\\Updownarrow} Updownarrow
⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕
mapsto \texttt{\\mapsto} mapsto
↦ \mapsto ↦
longmapsto \texttt{\\longmapsto} longmapsto
⟼ \longmapsto ⟼
nearrow \texttt{\\nearrow} nearrow
↗ \nearrow ↗
hookleftarrow \texttt{\\hookleftarrow} hookleftarrow
↩ \hookleftarrow ↩
hookrightarrow \texttt{\\hookrightarrow} hookrightarrow
↪ \hookrightarrow ↪
searrow \texttt{\\searrow} searrow
↘ \searrow ↘
leftharpoonup \texttt{\\leftharpoonup} leftharpoonup
↼ \leftharpoonup ↼
rightharpoonup \texttt{\\rightharpoonup} rightharpoonup
⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀
swarrow \texttt{\\swarrow} swarrow
↙ \swarrow ↙
leftharpoondown \texttt{\\leftharpoondown} leftharpoondown
↽ \leftharpoondown ↽
rightharpoondown \texttt{\\rightharpoondown} rightharpoondown
⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁
nwarrow \texttt{\\nwarrow} nwarrow
↖ \nwarrow ↖
rightleftharpoons \texttt{\\rightleftharpoons} rightleftharpoons
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌
iff \texttt{\\iff} iff
⟺ \iff ⟺
leadsto \texttt{\\leadsto} leadsto
⇝ \leadsto ⇝
定界符
( \texttt{(} (
( ( (
) \texttt{)} )
) ) )
uparrow \texttt{\\uparrow} uparrow
↑ \uparrow ↑
[ \texttt{[} [ or lbrack \texttt{\\lbrack} lbrack
[ [ [
] \texttt{]} ] or rbrack \texttt{\\rbrack} rbrack
] ] ]
downarrow \texttt{\\downarrow} downarrow
↓ \downarrow ↓
lbrace \texttt{\\lbrace} lbrace
{ \lbrace {
rbrace \texttt{\\rbrace} rbrace
} \rbrace }
updownarrow \texttt{\\updownarrow} updownarrow
↕ \updownarrow ↕
langle \texttt{\\langle} langle
⟨ \langle ⟨
rangle \texttt{\\rangle} rangle
⟩ \rangle ⟩
$\texttt{
}$ or vert \texttt{\\vert} vert
$
$
lfloor \texttt{\\lfloor} lfloor
⌊ \lfloor ⌊
rfloor \texttt{\\rfloor} rfloor
⌋ \rfloor ⌋
Vert \texttt{\\Vert} Vert
∥ \Vert ∥
lceil \texttt{\\lceil} lceil
⌈ \lceil ⌈
rceil \texttt{\\rceil} rceil
⌉ \rceil ⌉
/ \texttt{/} /
/ / /
backslash \texttt{\\backslash} backslash
\ \backslash \
(dual empty)
. . .
lgroup \texttt{\\lgroup} lgroup
⟮ \lgroup ⟮
rgroup \texttt{\\rgroup} rgroup
⟯ \rgroup ⟯
lmoustache \texttt{\\lmoustache} lmoustache
⎰ \lmoustache ⎰
rmoustache \texttt{\\rmoustache} rmoustache
⎱ \rmoustache ⎱
arrowvert \texttt{\\arrowvert} arrowvert
\arrowvert
Arrowvert \texttt{\\Arrowvert} Arrowvert
\Arrowvert
bracevert \texttt{\\bracevert} bracevert
\bracevert
Miscellaneous Symbols
dots \texttt{\\dots} dots
… \dots …
cdots \texttt{\\cdots} cdots
⋯ \cdots ⋯
vdots \texttt{\\vdots} vdots
⋮ \vdots ⋮
ddots \texttt{\\ddots} ddots
⋱ \ddots ⋱
hbar \texttt{\\hbar} hbar
ℏ \hbar ℏ
imath \texttt{\\imath} imath
ı \imath ı
jmath \texttt{\\jmath} jmath
ȷ \jmath ȷ
ell \texttt{\\ell} ell
ℓ \ell ℓ
Re \texttt{\\Re} Re
ℜ \Re ℜ
Im \texttt{\\Im} Im
ℑ \Im ℑ
aleph \texttt{\\aleph} aleph
ℵ \aleph ℵ
wp \texttt{\\wp} wp
℘ \wp ℘
forall \texttt{\\forall} forall
∀ \forall ∀
exists \texttt{\\exists} exists
∃ \exists ∃
mho \texttt{\\mho} mho
℧ \mho ℧
partial \texttt{\\partial} partial
∂ \partial ∂
prime \texttt{\\prime} prime
′ \prime ′
emptyset \texttt{\\emptyset} emptyset
∅ \emptyset ∅
infty \texttt{\\infty} infty
∞ \infty ∞
nabla \texttt{\\nabla} nabla
∇ \nabla ∇
triangle \texttt{\\triangle} triangle
△ \triangle △
Box \texttt{\\Box} Box
□ \Box □
Diamond \texttt{\\Diamond} Diamond
◊ \Diamond ◊
bot \texttt{\\bot} bot
⊥ \bot ⊥
top \texttt{\\top} top
⊤ \top ⊤
angle \texttt{\\angle} angle
∠ \angle ∠
surd \texttt{\\surd} surd
√ \surd √
diamondsuit \texttt{\\diamondsuit} diamondsuit
♢ \diamondsuit ♢
heartsuit \texttt{\\heartsuit} heartsuit
♡ \heartsuit ♡
clubsuit \texttt{\\clubsuit} clubsuit
♣ \clubsuit ♣
spadesuit \texttt{\\spadesuit} spadesuit
♠ \spadesuit ♠
neg \texttt{\\neg} neg or lnot \texttt{\\lnot} lnot
¬ \neg ¬
flat \texttt{\\flat} flat
♭ \flat ♭
natural \texttt{\\natural} natural
♮ \natural ♮
sharp \texttt{\\sharp} sharp
♯ \sharp ♯
Non-Mathematical Symbols
dag \texttt{\\dag} dag
† \dag †
ddag \texttt{\\ddag} ddag
‡ \ddag ‡
S \texttt{\\S} S
\S
copyright \texttt{\\copyright} copyright
© \copyright c ◯
P \texttt{\\P} P
\P
pounds \texttt{\\pounds} pounds
£ \pounds £
AMS Delimiters
ulcorner \texttt{\\ulcorner} ulcorner
┌ \ulcorner ┌
urcorner \texttt{\\urcorner} urcorner
┐ \urcorner ┐
llcorner \texttt{\\llcorner} llcorner
└ \llcorner └
lrcorner \texttt{\\lrcorner} lrcorner
┘ \lrcorner ┘
AMS 二元关系
lessdot \texttt{\\lessdot} lessdot
⋖ \lessdot ⋖
gtrdot \texttt{\\gtrdot} gtrdot
⋗ \gtrdot ⋗
doteqdot \texttt{\\doteqdot} doteqdot or Doteq \texttt{\\Doteq} Doteq
≑ \doteqdot ≑
eqslant \texttt{\\eqslant} eqslant
\eqslant
geqslant \texttt{\\geqslant} geqslant
⩾ \geqslant ⩾
risingdotseq \texttt{\\risingdotseq} risingdotseq
≓ \risingdotseq ≓
eqslantless \texttt{\\eqslantless} eqslantless
⪕ \eqslantless ⪕
eqslantgtr \texttt{\\eqslantgtr} eqslantgtr
⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪖
fallingdotseq \texttt{\\fallingdotseq} fallingdotseq
≒ \fallingdotseq ≒
leqq \texttt{\\leqq} leqq
≦ \leqq ≦
geqq \texttt{\\geqq} geqq
≧ \geqq ≧
eqcirc \texttt{\\eqcirc} eqcirc
≖ \eqcirc ≖
lll \texttt{\\lll} lll or llless \texttt{\\llless} llless
⋘ \lll ⋘
ggg \texttt{\\ggg} ggg or gggtr \texttt{\\gggtr} gggtr
⋙ \ggg ⋙
circeq \texttt{\\circeq} circeq
≗ \circeq ≗
lesssim \texttt{\\lesssim} lesssim
≲ \lesssim ≲
gtrsim \texttt{\\gtrsim} gtrsim
≳ \gtrsim ≳
triangleleq \texttt{\\triangleleq} triangleleq
\triangleleq
lessapprox \texttt{\\lessapprox} lessapprox
⪅ \lessapprox ⪅
gtrapprox \texttt{\\gtrapprox} gtrapprox
⪆ \gtrapprox ⪆
bumpeq \texttt{\\bumpeq} bumpeq
≏ \bumpeq ≏
lessgtr \texttt{\\lessgtr} lessgtr
≶ \lessgtr ≶
gtrless \texttt{\\gtrless} gtrless
≷ \gtrless ≷
Bumpeq \texttt{\\Bumpeq} Bumpeq
≎ \Bumpeq ≎
lesseqgtr \texttt{\\lesseqgtr} lesseqgtr
⋚ \lesseqgtr ⋚
gtreqless \texttt{\\gtreqless} gtreqless
⋛ \gtreqless ⋛
thicksim \texttt{\\thicksim} thicksim
∼ \thicksim ∼
lesseqqgtr \texttt{\\lesseqqgtr} lesseqqgtr
⪋ \lesseqqgtr ⪋
gtreqqless \texttt{\\gtreqqless} gtreqqless
⪌ \gtreqqless ⪌
thickapprox \texttt{\\thickapprox} thickapprox
≈ \thickapprox ≈
preccurlyeq \texttt{\\preccurlyeq} preccurlyeq
≼ \preccurlyeq ≼
succcurlyeq \texttt{\\succcurlyeq} succcurlyeq
≽ \succcurlyeq ≽
approxeq \texttt{\\approxeq} approxeq
≊ \approxeq ≊
curlyeqprec \texttt{\\curlyeqprec} curlyeqprec
⋞ \curlyeqprec ⋞
curlyeqsucc \texttt{\\curlyeqsucc} curlyeqsucc
⋟ \curlyeqsucc ⋟
backsim \texttt{\\backsim} backsim
∽ \backsim ∽
precsim \texttt{\\precsim} precsim
≾ \precsim ≾
succsim \texttt{\\succsim} succsim
≿ \succsim ≿
backsimeq \texttt{\\backsimeq} backsimeq
⋍ \backsimeq ⋍
precapprox \texttt{\\precapprox} precapprox
⪷ \precapprox ⪷
succapprox \texttt{\\succapprox} succapprox
⪸ \succapprox ⪸
vDash \texttt{\\vDash} vDash
⊨ \vDash ⊨
subseteqq \texttt{\\subseteqq} subseteqq
⫅ \subseteqq ⫅
supseteqq \texttt{\\supseteqq} supseteqq
⫆ \supseteqq ⫆
Vdash \texttt{\\Vdash} Vdash
⊩ \Vdash ⊩
Subset \texttt{\\Subset} Subset
⋐ \Subset ⋐
Supset \texttt{\\Supset} Supset
⋑ \Supset ⋑
Vvdash \texttt{\\Vvdash} Vvdash
⊪ \Vvdash ⊪
sqsubset \texttt{\\sqsubset} sqsubset
⊏ \sqsubset ⊏
sqsupset \texttt{\\sqsupset} sqsupset
⊐ \sqsupset ⊐
backepsilon \texttt{\\backepsilon} backepsilon
∍ \backepsilon ∍
therefore \texttt{\\therefore} therefore
∴ \therefore ∴
because \texttt{\\because} because
∵ \because ∵
varpropto \texttt{\\varpropto} varpropto
∝ \varpropto ∝
shortmid \texttt{\\shortmid} shortmid
∣ \shortmid ∣
shortparallel \texttt{\\shortparallel} shortparallel
∥ \shortparallel ∥
between \texttt{\\between} between
≬ \between ≬
smallsmile \texttt{\\smallsmile} smallsmile
⌣ \smallsmile ⌣
smallfrown \texttt{\\smallfrown} smallfrown
⌢ \smallfrown ⌢
pitchfork \texttt{\\pitchfork} pitchfork
⋔ \pitchfork ⋔
vartriangleleft \texttt{\\vartriangleleft} vartriangleleft
⊲ \vartriangleleft ⊲
vartriangleright \texttt{\\vartriangleright} vartriangleright
⊳ \vartriangleright ⊳
blacktriangleleft \texttt{\\blacktriangleleft} blacktriangleleft
◀ \blacktriangleleft ◀
trianglelefteq \texttt{\\trianglelefteq} trianglelefteq
⊴ \trianglelefteq ⊴
trianglerighteq \texttt{\\trianglerighteq} trianglerighteq
⊵ \trianglerighteq ⊵
blacktriangleright \texttt{\\blacktriangleright} blacktriangleright
▶ \blacktriangleright ▶
AMS 箭头
dashleftarrow \texttt{\\dashleftarrow} dashleftarrow
⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇠
dashrightarrow \texttt{\\dashrightarrow} dashrightarrow
⇢ \dashrightarrow ⇢
multimap \texttt{\\multimap} multimap
⊸ \multimap ⊸
leftleftarrows \texttt{\\leftleftarrows} leftleftarrows
⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇇
rightrightarrows \texttt{\\rightrightarrows} rightrightarrows
⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉
uparrows \texttt{\\uparrows} uparrows
\uparrows
leftrightarrows \texttt{\\leftrightarrows} leftrightarrows
⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇆
rightleftarrows \texttt{\\rightleftarrows} rightleftarrows
⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄
downdownarrows \texttt{\\downdownarrows} downdownarrows
⇊ \downdownarrows ⇊
Lleftarrow \texttt{\\Lleftarrow} Lleftarrow
⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇚
Rrightarrow \texttt{\\Rrightarrow} Rrightarrow
⇛ \Rrightarrow ⇛
upharpoonleft \texttt{\\upharpoonleft} upharpoonleft
↿ \upharpoonleft ↿
twoheadleftarrow \texttt{\\twoheadleftarrow} twoheadleftarrow
↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↞
twoheadrightarrow \texttt{\\twoheadrightarrow} twoheadrightarrow
↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↠
upharpoonright \texttt{\\upharpoonright} upharpoonright
↾ \upharpoonright ↾
leftarrowtail \texttt{\\leftarrowtail} leftarrowtail
↢ \leftarrowtail ↢
rightarrowtail \texttt{\\rightarrowtail} rightarrowtail
↣ \rightarrowtail ↣
downharpoonleft \texttt{\\downharpoonleft} downharpoonleft
⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇃
leftrightharpoons \texttt{\\leftrightharpoons} leftrightharpoons
⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇋
rightleftharpoons \texttt{\\rightleftharpoons} rightleftharpoons
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌
downharpoonright \texttt{\\downharpoonright} downharpoonright
⇂ \downharpoonright ⇂
Lsh \texttt{\\Lsh} Lsh
↰ \Lsh ↰
Rsh \texttt{\\Rsh} Rsh
↱ \Rsh ↱
rightsquigarrow \texttt{\\rightsquigarrow} rightsquigarrow
⇝ \rightsquigarrow ⇝
looparrowleft \texttt{\\looparrowleft} looparrowleft
↫ \looparrowleft ↫
looparrowright \texttt{\\looparrowright} looparrowright
↬ \looparrowright ↬
leftrightsquigarrow \texttt{\\leftrightsquigarrow} leftrightsquigarrow
↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↭
curvearrowleft \texttt{\\curvearrowleft} curvearrowleft
↶ \curvearrowleft ↶
curvearrowright \texttt{\\curvearrowright} curvearrowright
↷ \curvearrowright ↷
circlearrowleft \texttt{\\circlearrowleft} circlearrowleft
↺ \circlearrowleft ↺
circlearrowright \texttt{\\circlearrowright} circlearrowright
↻ \circlearrowright ↻
AMS Negated Binary Relations and Arrows
nless \texttt{\\nless} nless
≮ \nless ≮
ngtr \texttt{\\ngtr} ngtr
≯ \ngtr ≯
varsubsetneqq \texttt{\\varsubsetneqq} varsubsetneqq
⫋ \varsubsetneqq
nleq \texttt{\\nleq} nleq
≰ \nleq ≰
ngeq \texttt{\\ngeq} ngeq
≱ \ngeq ≱
varsupsetneqq \texttt{\\varsupsetneqq} varsupsetneqq
⫌ \varsupsetneqq
nleqq \texttt{\\nleqq} nleqq
≰ \nleqq
ngeqq \texttt{\\ngeqq} ngeqq
≱ \ngeqq
nsubseteqq \texttt{\\nsubseteqq} nsubseteqq
⊈ \nsubseteqq
nleqslant \texttt{\\nleqslant} nleqslant
≰ \nleqslant
ngeqslant \texttt{\\ngeqslant} ngeqslant
≱ \ngeqslant
nsupseteqq \texttt{\\nsupseteqq} nsupseteqq
⊉ \nsupseteqq
nleqq \texttt{\\nleqq} nleqq
≰ \nleqq
ngeqq \texttt{\\ngeqq} ngeqq
≱ \ngeqq
nmid \texttt{\\nmid} nmid
∤ \nmid ∤
nleqq \texttt{\\nleqq} nleqq
≰ \nleqq
ngeqq \texttt{\\ngeqq} ngeqq
≱ \ngeqq
nparallel \texttt{\\nparallel} nparallel
∦ \nparallel ∦
nsim \texttt{\\nsim} nsim
≁ \nsim ≁
gnsim \texttt{\\gnsim} gnsim
⋧ \gnsim ⋧
nshortmid \texttt{\\nshortmid} nshortmid
∤ \nshortmid
napprox \texttt{\\napprox} napprox
\napprox
gnapprox \texttt{\\gnapprox} gnapprox
⪊ \gnapprox ⪊
nshortparallel \texttt{\\nshortparallel} nshortparallel
∦ \nshortparallel
nprec \texttt{\\nprec} nprec
⊀ \nprec ⊀
nsucc \texttt{\\nsucc} nsucc
⊁ \nsucc ⊁
ncong \texttt{\\ncong} ncong
≆ \ncong ≆
npreceq \texttt{\\npreceq} npreceq
⋠ \npreceq ⋠
nsucceq \texttt{\\nsucceq} nsucceq
⋡ \nsucceq ⋡
nvdash \texttt{\\nvdash} nvdash
⊬ \nvdash ⊬
nprecneqq \texttt{\\nprecneqq} nprecneqq
\nprecneqq
nsuccneqq \texttt{\\nsuccneqq} nsuccneqq
\nsuccneqq
nvDash \texttt{\\nvDash} nvDash
⊭ \nvDash ⊭
precsim \texttt{\\precsim} precsim
≾ \precsim ≾
succnsim \texttt{\\succnsim} succnsim
⋩ \succnsim ⋩
nVDash \texttt{\\nVDash} nVDash
⊯ \nVDash ⊯
precnapprox \texttt{\\precnapprox} precnapprox
⪹ \precnapprox ⪹
succnapprox \texttt{\\succnapprox} succnapprox
⪺ \succnapprox ⪺
ntriangleleft \texttt{\\ntriangleleft} ntriangleleft
⋪ \ntriangleleft ⋪
subsetneq \texttt{\\subsetneq} subsetneq
⊊ \subsetneq ⊊
supsetneq \texttt{\\supsetneq} supsetneq
⊋ \supsetneq ⊋
ntriangleright \texttt{\\ntriangleright} ntriangleright
⋫ \ntriangleright ⋫
varsubsetneq \texttt{\\varsubsetneq} varsubsetneq
⊊ \varsubsetneq
varsupsetneq \texttt{\\varsupsetneq} varsupsetneq
⊋ \varsupsetneq
ntrianglelefteq \texttt{\\ntrianglelefteq} ntrianglelefteq
⋬ \ntrianglelefteq ⋬
nsubseteqq \texttt{\\nsubseteqq} nsubseteqq
⊈ \nsubseteqq
nsupseteqq \texttt{\\nsupseteqq} nsupseteqq
⊉ \nsupseteqq
ntrianglerighteq \texttt{\\ntrianglerighteq} ntrianglerighteq
⋭ \ntrianglerighteq ⋭
nleftarrow \texttt{\\nleftarrow} nleftarrow
↚ \nleftarrow ↚
nrightarrow \texttt{\\nrightarrow} nrightarrow
↛ \nrightarrow ↛
nleftrightarrow \texttt{\\nleftrightarrow} nleftrightarrow
↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮
nLeftarrow \texttt{\\nLeftarrow} nLeftarrow
⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍
nRightarrow \texttt{\\nRightarrow} nRightarrow
⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏
nLeftrightarrow \texttt{\\nLeftrightarrow} nLeftrightarrow
⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎
AMS Binary Operators
dotplus \texttt{\\dotplus} dotplus
∔ \dotplus ∔
centerdot \texttt{\\centerdot} centerdot
⋅ \centerdot ⋅
intercal \texttt{\\intercal} intercal
⊺ \intercal ⊺
ltimes \texttt{\\ltimes} ltimes
⋉ \ltimes ⋉
rtimes \texttt{\\rtimes} rtimes
⋊ \rtimes ⋊
divideontimes \texttt{\\divideontimes} divideontimes
⋇ \divideontimes ⋇
Cup \texttt{\\Cup} Cup or doublecup \texttt{\\doublecup} doublecup
⋓ \Cup ⋓
Cap \texttt{\\Cap} Cap or doublecap \texttt{\\doublecap} doublecap
⋒ \Cap ⋒
smallsetminus \texttt{\\smallsetminus} smallsetminus
∖ \smallsetminus ∖
veebar \texttt{\\veebar} veebar
⊻ \veebar ⊻
barwedge \texttt{\\barwedge} barwedge
⊼ \barwedge ⊼
doublebarwedge \texttt{\\doublebarwedge} doublebarwedge
⩞ \doublebarwedge ⩞
boxplus \texttt{\\boxplus} boxplus
⊞ \boxplus ⊞
boxminus \texttt{\\boxminus} boxminus
⊟ \boxminus ⊟
circleddash \texttt{\\circleddash} circleddash
⊝ \circleddash ⊝
boxtimes \texttt{\\boxtimes} boxtimes
⊠ \boxtimes ⊠
boxdot \texttt{\\boxdot} boxdot
⊡ \boxdot ⊡
circledcirc \texttt{\\circledcirc} circledcirc
⊚ \circledcirc ⊚
leftthreetimes \texttt{\\leftthreetimes} leftthreetimes
⋋ \leftthreetimes ⋋
rightthreetimes \texttt{\\rightthreetimes} rightthreetimes
⋌ \rightthreetimes ⋌
circledast \texttt{\\circledast} circledast
⊛ \circledast ⊛
curlyvee \texttt{\\curlyvee} curlyvee
⋎ \curlyvee ⋎
curlywedge \texttt{\\curlywedge} curlywedge
⋏ \curlywedge ⋏
AMS Miscellaneous
hbar \texttt{\\hbar} hbar
ℏ \hbar ℏ
hslash \texttt{\\hslash} hslash
ℏ \hslash ℏ
Bbbk \texttt{\\Bbbk} Bbbk
k \Bbbk k
square \texttt{\\square} square
□ \square □
blacksquare \texttt{\\blacksquare} blacksquare
■ \blacksquare ■
circledS \texttt{\\circledS} circledS
Ⓢ \circledS Ⓢ
vartriangle \texttt{\\vartriangle} vartriangle
△ \vartriangle △
blacktriangle \texttt{\\blacktriangle} blacktriangle
▲ \blacktriangle ▲
complement \texttt{\\complement} complement
∁ \complement ∁
triangledown \texttt{\\triangledown} triangledown
▽ \triangledown ▽
blacktriangledown \texttt{\\blacktriangledown} blacktriangledown
▼ \blacktriangledown ▼
Game \texttt{\\Game} Game
⅁ \Game ⅁
lozenge \texttt{\\lozenge} lozenge
◊ \lozenge ◊
blacklozenge \texttt{\\blacklozenge} blacklozenge
⧫ \blacklozenge ⧫
bigstar \texttt{\\bigstar} bigstar
★ \bigstar ★
angle \texttt{\\angle} angle
∠ \angle ∠
measuredangle \texttt{\\measuredangle} measuredangle
∡ \measuredangle ∡
sphericalangle \texttt{\\sphericalangle} sphericalangle
∢ \sphericalangle ∢
diagup \texttt{\\diagup} diagup
╱ \diagup ╱
diagdown \texttt{\\diagdown} diagdown
╲ \diagdown ╲
backprime \texttt{\\backprime} backprime
‵ \backprime ‵
nexists \texttt{\\nexists} nexists
∄ \nexists ∄
Finv \texttt{\\Finv} Finv
Ⅎ \Finv Ⅎ
varnothing \texttt{\\varnothing} varnothing
∅ \varnothing ∅
eth \texttt{\\eth} eth
ð \eth ð
mho \texttt{\\mho} mho
℧ \mho ℧
附录 B- LaTeX \LaTeX L A T E X 的单位和长度
缩写
定义
pt
一个点,是默认的长度单位。大约为0.3515毫米
mm
一毫米
cm
一厘米
in
一英寸
ex
当前字体中 x 的高度
em
当前字体中 m 的宽度
\columnsep
列之间的距离
\columnwidth
列宽
\linewidth
当前环境中的线宽
\paperwidth
页面宽度
\paperheight
页面高度
\textwidth
文本宽度
\textheight
文本高度
\unitlength
图片环境中的长度单位。
\baselineskip
段落中行与行之间的垂直距离
附录 C-选项
链接样式选项
选项
默认值
描述
hyperindex
真
将索引条目的页码设置为超链接
linktocpage
false
在目录中,将链接设置为页码而不是文本。
breaklinks
false
允许链接被拆分为多行。
colorlinks
false
为链接和锚点着色,这些颜色将在打印版本中显示
linkcolor
红色
普通内部链接的颜色
anchorcolor
黑色
锚点(目标)文本的颜色
citecolor
绿色
参考文献的颜色
filecolor
青色
链接打开本地文件时的颜色
urlcolor
品红色
链接 URL 的颜色
frenchlinks
false
使用小写字母代替颜色来表示链接
PDF 特定选项
选项
默认值
描述
bookmarks
真
Acrobat 书签的创建方式与目录类似。
bookmarksopen
错误
书签显示时,所有子树都已展开。
citebordercolor
0 1 0
引用周围方框的颜色,以 RGB 格式表示。
filebordercolor
0 .5 .5
链接文件周围框的颜色,以 RGB 格式表示。
linkbordercolor
1 0 0
普通链接周围框的颜色,以 RGB 格式表示。
menubordercolor
1 0 0
菜单链接周围框的颜色,以 RGB 格式表示。
urlbordercolor
0 1 1
链接周围框的颜色,以 RGB 格式表示。
pdfpagemode
空
确定文件如何打开。选项包括 UseThumbs(缩略图)、UseOutlines(书签)和 FullScreen。
pdftitle
设置文档标题。
pdfauthor
设置文档作者。
pdfstartpage
1
确定 PDF 文件在哪个页面上打开。
参考文献
未完,待有空时继续整理